Vitamin D, a steroid hormone primarily acquired through diet, supplements, and sunlight exposure, is crucial for maintaining calcium phosphate balance and bone turnover, thus supporting the musculoskeletal system. In addition, it plays an important role in the immune system's function. This review aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the oral cavity, jaw, and facial structures. A comprehensive search was conducted on studies published in English from 2010 to 2024 across Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Medline databases. After reviewing various articles discussing the role of vitamin D in the body, particularly in oral and dental health, the impact of deficiency on disease development, and the potential benefits of supplementation in recovery, the findings highlight vitamin D’s significant contribution to oral and dental health as well as immune system function. However, there were discrepancies regarding the effect of vitamin D on external root resorption in conditions such as Sjogren's syndrome and orthodontics, indicating a need for further clinical trials to validate these observations.
