Written by Maurits C.F.M. de Kuijper
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
Fractures are a common concern for teeth that have had endodontic treatment and restoration. It is well-recognized that endodontic treatment reduces the flexibility of teeth, which reduces their resistance to breakage. This condition is caused by the drying of tooth structure during access cavity formation and endodontic treatment, as well as the loss of significant amounts of dentin and anatomical components such as cusps, marginal ridges, and the pulp chamber ceiling. The quantity of surviving
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Written by Lakshman Samaranayake
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The field of prosthodontics, which is a combination of art and science, is devoted to the complete treatment of patients with dental disorders caused by inadequate or missing teeth, as well as concerns affecting the oral and maxillofacial tissues. Its primary goals include diagnosis, planning, rehabilitation, and preserving patients' functional, pleasant, and healthy oral conditions. Replacing the prosthesis is the main treatment strategy for this problem. Prosthodontics is mainly concerned
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Written by Alexandra Maria Prada
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
This case study aimed to manage post-orthodontic extensive root canal calcification and crown white-spot-lesions using the resin infiltration technique. After undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, a 22-year-old male patient arrived at the clinic complaining of discomfort and aesthetic dissatisfaction. According to the patient, he received orthodontic therapy for approximately four years. Clinically, the patient had mild to severe post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSL) on bot
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Written by Wojciech Dobrzynski
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
Dentistry is one of the professions that use nanoparticles. However, there are concerns regarding their unidentified effects on human health and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the extent of the use of nanoparticles in orthodontics because of their growing use in other dental specialties. This review article uses the keywords nano chitosan, nano zinc oxide, nano silver, nano curcumin, nanoparticles, and orthodontics. The relevant publications were chosen after searching the Goog
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Written by Mariam Varoneckaitė
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the amount of external apical root resorption (EARR) in incisors after receiving orthodontic treatment employing fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) or clear aligners (CAT). PRISMA criteria were used in conducting the systematic review. Retrospective studies and randomized control trials that used cone beam computed tomography, periapical radiography, and 2D panoramic radiography to assess EARR levels in anterior teeth following orthodontic treatment w
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Written by Abdulrahman Majed Al-Mubarak
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
Articles assessing the understanding of interns and undergraduate students about crown lengthening in Riyadh were lacking in previous years. This study targeted senior students and interns in three dental colleges (KSU, REU, and KSAU) to assess their expertise. One question in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study asked participants whether they had ever seen a case in their clinic where crown lengthening was recommended. Three clinical and radiographic photographs were also included, each
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Written by Desislava R. Makakova
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
One well-known technique is gingival tissue retraction. It occurs when the edges of the gingiva move away from a tooth. The quality of periodontal factors affects the marginal fit of a restoration. This systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of diode lasers compared with traditional retraction cords. Databases such as PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect were used to conduct a systematic review of the literature encompassing the years 2010–2023. The selection procedure of t
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This systematic review investigates how high-frequency vibrations (>30 Hz) and low-frequency vibrations (≤30 Hz) influence orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Articles were collected through a systematic search in MEDLINE and SCOPUS, following PRISMA guidelines and structured around a PICO question. Data from selected studies were extracted, and study quality was evaluated using EPHPP, ROBINS-I, and STAIR assessment tools. From an initial pool of 350 studies, 30 met the inclusion criteria. Overall
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Written by Alvin Chuen Wei Seah
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The oral microbiome is fundamental to maintaining equilibrium within the mouth, protecting tissues, and preventing disease onset. Disruptions in microbial balance—known as oral dysbiosis—can provoke inflammation and immune dysfunction, adversely influencing systemic health. This imbalance is recognized as a principal causative factor in periodontitis. Both the emergence and persistence of dysbiosis have been shown to initiate inflammatory responses locally and in distant organs. The intensified
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Teeth exhibiting attachment loss that extends to the root apex are considered to have a severely compromised condition and an unfavorable periodontal outlook. When regeneration of periodontal structures is achievable, current protocols recommend performing endodontic therapy first. Nonetheless, root canal procedures may prolong treatment duration, elevate costs, introduce endodontic complications, and potentially weaken tooth structure mechanically. In this report, two individuals diagnosed with
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Written by Astrid Yudhit
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
Relapse during the retention phase of orthodontic treatment remains a considerable problem, occurring in roughly 70–90% of cases. This study investigated the potential of blood cockle shells as a natural source for producing carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) combined with chitosan (CS), and examined its influence on orthodontic relapse in rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: a CHA–CS group and a control group (CG). A constant orthodontic force of 35 cN was applie
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Written by Wen-Jiun Chou
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The objective of this research was to explore the variations in clinical, cognitive, and psychomotor performance among individuals diagnosed with gingivitis or periodontitis when assisted by a smartphone-based application. Forty participants were selected randomly and divided equally into two groups—control and experimental—both of which underwent professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR). The clinical factors evaluated included bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and the
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Written by Mariana Ganea
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
This study used numerical simulations to evaluate how trabecular bone responds to orthodontic forces of 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 N applied through five movement types—intrusion, extrusion, tipping, rotation, and translation—during progressive horizontal periodontal loss of 0–8 mm. Stress distribution, as well as ischemic and resorptive risks, were analyzed using the Tresca and Von Mises failure criteria. A total of 405 simulations were performed on 81 models derived from nine patients. Both criteria pr
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Written by Soni Muhsinin
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
This review maps existing evidence on how orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) influences biological responses in regions with bone deficiencies that are being regenerated using various grafting methods and materials. A systematic electronic search was carried out in four databases—PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Extracted data included publication metadata, research design, characteristics of samples, OTM parameters, periodontal biological reactions, analytical approaches, and conclusio
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Written by Thabo M. Nkosi
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The integration of periodontal health considerations into orthodontic care represents a critical intersection in contemporary dental practice, particularly with the advent of digital treatment planning systems. This conceptual manuscript explores methodological considerations for embedding periodontal risk metrics within these digital platforms to enhance treatment precision and mitigate adverse outcomes. Drawing on recent literature, it synthesizes theoretical foundations from periodontics and
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Written by Francesco Romano
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The demand for orthodontic treatment among adults has increased substantially, with periodontal disease posing a significant challenge to successful outcomes. This manuscript reviews and synthesizes existing classification systems for assessing periodontal risk in the context of adult orthodontics, focusing on the Ortho-Perio Risk Assessment (OPRA) and the 2017 American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology (AAP/EFP) staging and grading framework for periodontitis. The
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The integration of orthodontic and periodontal care represents a critical interdisciplinary approach to managing complex dental conditions, where patient-reported outcomes (PROs) serve as essential indicators of treatment success beyond clinical metrics. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed literature published on PROs in orthodontic–periodontal interdisciplinary care. Key themes include pain, discomfort, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), treatment satisfacti
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Written by Carlos M. Alvarez
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The integration of orthodontic alignment in periodontally altered dentitions represents a critical intersection of dental specialties, where the pursuit of aesthetic and functional harmony must contend with compromised periodontal support. This conceptual manuscript develops a novel theoretical framework to analyze the determinants of long-term tooth stability post-orthodontic intervention in such cases. Drawing upon a synthesis of recent literature, it examines the interplay between altered per
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Written by Hiroshi Nakamura
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
Orthodontic treatment in patients with reduced periodontal support presents unique challenges due to the increased risk of relapse, tooth mobility, and potential deterioration of periodontal health. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed journal articles published on retention strategies tailored to such patients. The objectives are to examine the types of retainers used, their effects on periodontal parameters, factors influencing retainer longevity and failure, and strat
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Written by Maria L. Santos
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The interface between periodontal inflammation and orthodontic tooth movement represents a critical area in dental sciences, where persistent inflammatory states may modulate tissue responses to mechanical stimuli. This conceptual manuscript introduces a novel network-based analytical model that integrates periodontal inflammatory burden—defined as the cumulative and interconnected load of pro-inflammatory mediators, cellular interactions, and tissue alterations—with orthodontic biomechanical se
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Written by Natalie Dupont
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The alveolar bone plays a pivotal role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), where mechanical forces induce remodeling that facilitates tooth displacement. However, the specific influence of alveolar bone architecture—encompassing cortical thickness, trabecular patterning, and overall density—on distinct patterns of tooth displacement remains underexplored in a unified theoretical context. This conceptual manuscript proposes a novel framework, termed the Alveolar Bone Displacement Susceptibility
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Written by Emily J. Harris
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The intersection of orthodontics and periodontology has gained increasing attention as more adults with compromised periodontal support seek orthodontic treatment to address malocclusions and pathologic tooth migration resulting from periodontitis. This scoping review synthesizes contemporary evidence from peer-reviewed literature published on orthodontic interventions in patients with reduced periodontal attachment, focusing on treatment models, outcomes, and risks. A comprehensive search of da
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Written by Anna K. Weber
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The convergence of digital orthodontics and periodontology has ushered in a new era of precision dentistry, where data-driven approaches, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), play a pivotal role in risk assessment. Orthodontic treatment, while effective for correcting malocclusions, can pose significant risks to periodontal health, including gingival inflammation, alveolar bone loss, and increased susceptibility to periodontitis. Traditional assessment methods rel
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Written by Ahmed S. Hassan
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The periodontal ligament (PDL) serves as a critical interface for force transmission between teeth and alveolar bone, modulating biomechanical responses during occlusal loading and orthodontic interventions. Heterogeneous periodontal attachment loss, characteristic of advanced periodontitis, disrupts this equilibrium, potentially altering force pathways and exacerbating tissue strain. This conceptual manuscript proposes a novel theoretical framework—the Differential Force Cascade Model (DFCM)—to
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Written by James A. Peterson
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
Severe periodontal disease presents unique challenges for orthodontic treatment, prompting critical ethical considerations regarding the balance between potential benefits and risks of harm. This narrative review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature to explore the ethical boundaries of initiating or continuing orthodontic therapy in patients with advanced periodontal involvement. Key themes include the pathophysiological interplay between orthodontic forces and compromised periodontal tissues, t
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Written by Lars M. Johansson
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
The periodontium, comprising the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, cementum, and gingiva, plays a critical role in mediating tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic forces induce biomechanical changes in the periodontium, leading to adaptive responses such as bone remodeling and tissue deformation. This narrative review synthesizes insights from computational and theoretical studies published on the biomechanical adaptation of the periodontium to orthodontic forces. Foc
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The integration of orthodontic therapy with periodontal considerations remains a critical area in dental science, particularly as periodontal support degradation poses significant challenges to effective load distribution during tooth movement. This conceptual manuscript proposes a novel theoretical framework for computationally simulating the progressive degradation of periodontal structures and its influence on orthodontic force dynamics. Drawing on biomechanical principles, the framework conc
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Written by Daniel R. Miller
Published on Vol 4 , 2024
Orthodontic treatment in patients with reduced periodontal support, often resulting from a history of periodontitis, presents significant clinical challenges due to the heightened risk of alveolar bone loss and periodontal tissue destruction. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence from peer-reviewed studies on the cytokine and chemokine profiles during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in the context of compromised periodontal health. Cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tum
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