This review maps existing evidence on how orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) influences biological responses in regions with bone deficiencies that are being regenerated using various grafting methods and materials. A systematic electronic search was carried out in four databases—PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Extracted data included publication metadata, research design, characteristics of samples, OTM parameters, periodontal biological reactions, analytical approaches, and conclusions. In total, 30 publications met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 22 studies most frequently utilized alloplastic grafts. Orthodontic forces of 10 g or 100 g were commonly applied, with force initiation ranging from immediately after grafting to 6 months post-surgery. Twenty-four studies reported enhanced bone formation, five indicated an improvement in clinical attachment level (CAL), five found reductions in probing pocket depth (PPD), and sixteen observed varying levels of root resorption. Although the biological response of the grafted periodontium to OTM appeared generally favorable, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further laboratory and clinical trials are required to confirm these outcomes.
