The rapid progress in mRNA vaccine technology, accelerated by the global COVID-19 crisis, has sparked growing interest in their use for conditions beyond infectious diseases. Dentistry has become an emerging area for exploring mRNA-based therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing and managing oral pathologies. This narrative review assesses the present landscape of mRNA vaccine research and its experimental use in oral health, particularly in relation to periodontal disorders, dental caries, regenerative strategies, implantology, and oral malignancies. Evidence was gathered from preclinical investigations—both in vitro and in animal models—to evaluate the capacity of mRNA-based interventions to influence immune mechanisms and promote repair within oral tissues. Clinical investigations were referenced only when relevant to broader applications of mRNA vaccines, such as in oncology and immune-based therapies. Preclinical evidence demonstrates that mRNA formulations can strengthen immune responses and support tissue-healing mechanisms. Nonetheless, their successful delivery in the intricate oral microenvironment remains a major obstacle. Issues such as maintaining vaccine integrity, optimizing delivery systems, and fine-tuning immune modulation still need to be addressed. Although mRNA vaccines show considerable promise for transforming dental therapeutics, substantial barriers concerning safety, efficacy, and clinical practicality persist. Continued research is crucial to overcome these limitations and facilitate their safe and effective integration into dental practice.
