This study aimed to investigate the maturity of enamel in permanent teeth and investigate the trace element composition in its surface layers through elemental dispersion spectral analysis. This research focused on third molars from individuals aged 16 to 18 years, specifically 51 intact molars that had not yet erupted but were in the root development phase. The atomic chemical analysis of tooth enamel showed that oxygen, chlorine, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus were found in all the samples. In addition, magnesium (Mg2+) was present in 63.89% of the samples, fluoride (F-) in 30.56%, carbonate (C4-) in 13.89%, and sulfur (S2-) in 8.33%. The average concentration of calcium (Ca2+) was 18.87 ± 6.28 (atom. %), while phosphorus (P5+) was 13.45 ± 3.44 (atom. %). Enamel from unerupted or partially erupted teeth was found to be in an immature state. The study also showed that the integrity of dental tissues is affected not just by the balanced levels of essential elements such as calcium and phosphorus, but also by increasing the concentration of potassium, magnesium, sodium, and silicon, with a decrease in chlorine and sulfur. The results emphasize the usefulness of elemental dispersion spectral analysis in monitoring the mineralization process of enamel during tooth development.
