Anxiety and fear of dentistry are one of the problems of children's dental treatments. One of the factors affecting dental anxiety is the child's mood. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between mood and anxiety in children. This research was a descriptive and analytical type that was done in a cross-sectional manner. The data collection tool included the MCDAS (Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale) and EAS (Emotion, Activity, Sociability) questionnaire. Finally, the relationship between the score of the four dimensions of temperament and the dental anxiety score of children was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered significant. The dental anxiety score had a positive and significant correlation with the emotion dimension score (P < 0.05). This correlation with the dimension of shyness was also positive and significant (r P < 0.05), but with the dimension of physical activity, it had an inverse and significant relationship (r = -0.175, P < 0.05), and with the Sociability dimension was inverse and significant (r = -0.161, P < 0.05). A regression model was utilized to estimate the anxiety score by the different mood dimensions scores. In this model, only the mood dimension of emotions was effective in the anxiety score. Based on the findings of this study, increasing the score in the emotional dimension and being shy significantly increased the dental anxiety score, and the regression model also confirmed the impact of the emotional dimension in increasing the score of anxiety. Increasing the score in the sociability dimension and physical activity significantly decreased the dental anxiety score in children.
