This review aims to evaluate the current evidence on dental implant survival in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and to explore associated risk factors for peri-implant complications. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, including publications from 2012 to 2023.
Studies on oral lichen planus (OLP) reported an overall implant survival rate of 99.3% (range: 50–100%) with a mean follow-up of 40.1 months. In contrast, a retrospective study examining leukoplakia and erythroplakia did not report implant survival rates but documented cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) near implants. A patient with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) showed 100% implant survival, while those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had a survival rate of 97.67%. No evidence was found for other OPMD subtypes. Except for OLP, research on implant outcomes in patients with OPMD is limited or nonexistent. Existing data indicate that OLP does not negatively affect implant survival and is unlikely to increase the risk of peri-implant disease. Due to insufficient studies, no conclusions can be drawn for other OPMD types. Further large-scale, prospective investigations are needed, particularly for leukoplakia and erythroplakia, to clarify their impact on dental implant outcomes.
