A thorough understanding of the root canal system configurations is essential for increasing the success of root canal treatments and ensuring favorable long-term outcomes. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the differences in root canal morphology of mandibular premolars. A total of 151 mandibular premolars were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The pulp canal configurations of both first and second mandibular premolars were analyzed across coronal, axial, and sagittal sections. Findings showed that 89.4% of the examined teeth exhibited more than 1 canal in the apical third, while 10.6% had a single root canal. Among the observed morphologies, Vertucci’s type V was the most common (50.3%), followed by type I (10.6%) and type III (9.3%). In addition, 11.3% of the cases had root canal configurations that were not classified under Vertucci’s system. The study concluded that type V is the predominant root canal configuration in mandibular premolars, followed by type I. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing anatomical variations in root canal morphology. This study also emphasizes the need to re-evaluate existing classification systems with the aid of advanced three-dimensional CBCT imaging.
