The results of some studies have shown that both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes can be related to the risk of gingivitis. Inflammatory conditions and a deficiency of vitamin D create a suitable environment for the increase of chronic diseases such as periodontitis and diabetes in children. The current research was done to study the relationship between the gingivitis and level of vitamin D in children with T1DM. This research was a case-control study to investigate the relationship between the gingivitis and level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in 148 children with T1DM. For this purpose, people were divided into two groups, healthy and T1DM, in terms of having gingivitis. In this study, fasting blood sugar, calcium, and level of serum 25(OH)D were evaluated. The findings of the study showed that 25(OH)D in the group with gingivitis was remarkably lower than in the group without gingivitis (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the level of 25(OH)D according to gender between the group with gingivitis and the group without gingivitis (p>0.05). In addition, the findings of the chi-square test demonstrated that there was no remarkable difference between the two groups with gingivitis and without gingivitis in terms of gender and age distribution (p>0.05). The findings of this study show that vitamin D deficiency is an effective factor in high gingivitis in children with T1DM. Timely monitoring of the level of this vitamin in patients with gingivitis is essential.
