TY  - JOUR
T1  - Influence of Geography and Socio-Economic Factors on the Oral Microbiome of Indonesian Women
A1  - Yusuf A. Saleem
A1  - Dina M. Saleh
A1  - Hana T. Desta
JF  - Journal of Current Research in Oral Surgery
JO  - J Curr Res Oral Surg
SN  - 3062-3480
Y1  - 2025
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.51847/pzu2rEPWsL
SP  - 119
EP  - 131
N2  - Research exploring the effects of geographic and socioeconomic factors on the oral microbiome is limited. According to the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS), non-communicable diseases exhibited an upward trend compared to the 2013 survey. Conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and obesity were more prevalent in urban settings than in rural ones. Notably, these diseases affected women more frequently than men. This pilot study sought to assess oral health status and the oral microbiome from tongue dorsum samples in healthy Indonesian women residing in urban and rural regions. A total of 20 women (aged 21–47 years) were enrolled, including 10 from West Jakarta (DKI Jakarta province) representing an urban environment and 10 from Ende, Nangapanda (East Nusa Tenggara province) representing a rural environment. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) based on Greene and Vermillion criteria, with participants categorized into three groups. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial DNA was conducted using the Illumina iSeq 100 platform. Principal coordinate analysis revealed clear distinctions in bacterial community composition between urban and rural groups. Urban women showed greater microbial diversity and modified community structures linked to manifest oral conditions. Two genera, Prevotella and Leptotrichia, were significantly enriched in urban samples (adjusted p < 0.01), driving these differences independently of personal oral hygiene. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified multiple urban-specific biomarkers. At the species level, Leptotrichia wadei, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella jejuni, and Prevotella histicola demonstrated strong potential to differentiate urban from rural oral microbiomes. Additionally, SparCC network analysis indicated that co-occurrence patterns within the core oral microbiome were niche-specific across the two populations. This represents the inaugural pilot investigation into the oral microbiome composition among Indonesian women from urban and rural settings. The findings indicate geographic-specific patterns in the female oral microbiome. These distinctive microbial profiles in Indonesian women may be associated with region-specific dietary practices, cultural behaviors, and socioeconomic factors in the studied cohorts.
UR  - https://tsdp.net/article/influence-of-geography-and-socio-economic-factors-on-the-oral-microbiome-of-indonesian-women-lk7dhtmaputco7h
ER  -